Overview
Typically, the eyelids react to a threat by closing quickly to protect the eyes from harm. However, chemicals can still sometimes reach the eye if the lids don’t close quickly enough. Chemicals may be in liquid or powdered form and can cause irritation and burns.
The most dangerous chemicals are strong acids or alkali. Alkali burns tend to be more serious than burns from acid. Alkali chemicals include lye, concrete, mortar, oven and drain cleaners, dishwasher detergent, and fertilizers.
When to seek emergency help
A chemical splash in the eye requires immediate medical help. Seek emergency care by an eye specialist (ophthalmologist) or call 911 or your local emergency number. Take the chemical container or the name of the chemical with you to the emergency provider. If readily available, wear sunglasses to help reduce sensitivity to light.
Treatment
If a chemical splashes into your eye, take these steps immediately.
- Wash your hands with soap and water. Thoroughly rinse your hands to be sure no chemical or soap is left on them.
- Remove contact lenses (if wearing).
- Flush your eye with water. Use clean, lukewarm tap water for at least 20 minutes. Use whichever of these approaches is quickest:
- Get into the shower and aim a gentle stream of water on your forehead over your affected eye. Or direct the stream on the bridge of your nose if both eyes are affected. Hold the lids of your affected eye or eyes open.
- Put your head down and turn it to the side. Then hold the lids of your affected eye open under a gently running faucet. Use a work site eye-rinse station if one is available.
- Young children may do best if they lie down in the bathtub or lean back over a sink. Pour a gentle stream of water on the forehead over the affected eye or on the bridge of the nose to flush both eyes.
What to avoid
- Don’t rub the eye — this may cause further damage.
- Don’t put anything except water or contact lens saline rinse in the eye. And don’t use eye drops unless emergency personnel tell you to do so.
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Aug. 10, 2024
- Ocular burns. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/eye-trauma/ocular-burns. Accessed April 9, 2024.
- Kaushik S, et al. Topical chemical burns: Initial assessment and management. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed April 9, 2024.
- Thompson DA. Eye, chemical in. In: Pediatric Telephone Protocols: Office Edition. 16th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018.
- Eye irrigation. Lippincott Procedures. https://procedures.lww.com/lnp/view.do?pId=3852002&hits=eye,splashing,eyes,chemical,chemicals&a=false&ad=false. Accessed April 9, 2024.
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